Chỉ số giá tiêu dùng (CPI)
CPI stands for Consumer Price Index. It is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. CPI is one of the most commonly used indicators for measuring inflation and is released regularly by government statistical agencies in many countries around the world. The CPI is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them. This basket typically includes a range of goods and services such as food, housing, clothing, transportation, and medical care, among others. CPI is an important economic indicator used by policymakers, economists, businesses, and investors to assess changes in the cost of living and to make informed decisions about economic policy, budgeting, and investment strategies. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is responsible for calculating and publishing the CPI in the United States, while similar agencies in other countries perform the same task for their respective economies.
Here’s a more detailed explanation of the Consumer Price Index (CPI):
Calculation Method:
The CPI is computed by collecting price data for each item in a basket of goods and services that covers various categories such as food, housing, clothing, transportation, healthcare, education, and recreation. Each item is weighted based on its importance in daily life. These weightings are then used to calculate the overall average price change for the basket of goods and services from one period to another.
Purpose:
The primary purpose of the CPI is to provide an objective measure of changes in the cost of living for consumers. It assists policymakers, economists, businesses, and investors in making informed decisions regarding fiscal, monetary, and economic policies, as well as aiding individuals and households in budget planning.
Research and Publication:
Government statistical agencies such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the United States periodically gather price data from various retail outlets, services, and vendors for use in calculating the CPI. The calculated CPI results are typically published on a monthly or quarterly basis.
Significance:
The CPI provides a crucial gauge for various parties to assess the level of inflation in the economy. It influences financial and monetary policies, wage and social benefit adjustments, as well as currency values. The CPI is also used for adjusting contracts, income indexing, and evaluating investment performance.
International Comparison:
The CPI is not only used in the United States but also in other countries worldwide. However, while the terminology may be similar, the calculation methods and components of the basket of goods and services included may vary between countries.
Exploring the concept of CPI in more depth helps us understand how this measure is important in assessing the economic condition and its impact on consumers’ daily lives.
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